Glossary¶
Terms, acronyms and formats that recur in this guide, in alphabetical order.
- AIM+
- Septentrio's interference-mitigation technology: it detects and counters jamming (interference) and spoofing (fake GNSS signals), improving fix reliability.
- Bias-tee
- A circuit that injects a DC voltage onto the antenna cable to power an active antenna using the same conductor as the RF signal.
- Carrier mini
- The base Carrier board of the MSX system: it hosts the Main through the mPCIe slot and exposes only the USB-C connector to the outside. See Carrier board.
- DGPS
- Differential GPS. Sub-metre differential positioning: less precise than RTK, useful where centimetre accuracy is not needed.
- DOP
- Dilution of Precision. An index expressing how much the geometry of the satellites in view degrades (or improves) precision: low values = favourable geometry.
- GLB
- Binary glTF 2.0 format, used for the 3D models shown in the browser with
<model-viewer>. - GNSS
- Global Navigation Satellite System. The set of satellite positioning systems: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, QZSS, NavIC and the SBAS augmentation systems.
- Main
- The main board of the MSX system, onto which the mosaic-X5 module is soldered together with the power, the interfaces and the LOG button. See Main board.
- mosaic-X5
- Multi-band, multi-constellation GNSS receiver module from Septentrio (31 × 31 mm), geodetic grade: it is the heart of the MSX system. See Mosaic X5.
- mPCIe
- mini-PCIe. Board-edge connector/standard (52 pins, 0.8 mm pitch) used here as a coupling interface between the Main and the Carrier mini (not for the PCI Express protocol). See mini-PCIe interface.
- NMEA-0183
- Text standard for navigation data output: sentences such as GGA (position), RMC (position/speed/time), GSA/GSV (satellites), VTG, ZDA, GST.
- NTRIP
- Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol. A protocol that distributes RTCM corrections over the Internet, from a caster to the receiver. On the MSX, corrections come from an external NTRIP client.
- PPK
- Post-Processed Kinematic. Offline reprocessing of the raw data (SBF/RINEX) to obtain high-quality trajectories even without real-time corrections.
- PPS
- Pulse-Per-Second. A 1 Hz timing synchronisation pulse, used to align the GNSS with other sensors.
- PVT
- Position, Velocity, Time. The navigation solution computed by the receiver (position, velocity and time) at each epoch.
- RINEX
- Receiver Independent Exchange Format. A standard, receiver-independent
format for raw GNSS data; used in PPK and by third-party software. It is
obtained from SBF with
sbf2rin. - RTCM
- Standard format (RTCM 3.x) for transmitting GNSS differential corrections, fed to the receiver to enable RTK.
- RTK
- Real-Time Kinematic. A differential positioning technique that, using carrier-phase measurements and corrections from a base/network, achieves centimetre accuracy in real time. The best state is RTK fixed.
- SBAS
- Satellite-Based Augmentation System. Systems (EGNOS, WAAS…) that broadcast corrections via satellite to improve precision and integrity.
- SBF
- Septentrio Binary Format. The native binary format of Septentrio receivers, compact and efficient, ideal for logging raw data. See SBF logging.
- USB-C
- The only external connector of the Carrier mini: it carries power (5 V) and data (USB) to the host. On the MSX everything — RTK in, NMEA out, SBF logs — goes through here.